Some of the wealthiest people in New Jersey own rental property. It is the prime way to grow your wealth but it is not with out risks. On the surface the concept of renting out a property you own to a tenant sounds simple. If you can get enough from rent to pay your mortgage and have a little left over you are golden. Unfortunately that is not the case.
Many landlords in New Jersey fail to recognize what is needed in order to be a success. From not properly screening applicants to underestimating how much it’ll cost to keep a property up to code there are many ways to go wrong that can cause your business to fail.
Landlords Don’t Get Rental Applications From Prospective Tenants
The landlord has the upper hand in the relationship only before he gives them the keys. This is when to collect as much information as possible about the potential renter. After the prospect has seen the apartment and has said he wants it, that is the point when the landlord has the leverage to get information from them. The prospect needs the landlord to agree to the tenancy. Therefore, the landlord can get anything he wants out of the tenant at that moment, but not later. Once you’ve given them the keys however, they are under no obligation to give you anything.
The tool to collect all this information is the rental application. Creating your own application can be dangerous so it is adviced to do some research and find an established and successful landlord and ask to use their’s. Applications vary, but you must get certain basic information…
- Full Legal Name
- Current Address
- Prior Address
- Social Security Number
- Date of Birth
…as well as…
- Tenant’s Occupation
- Employer’s Name
- Driver’s License Number
- Car License Plate Number
- Bank Name and Address
A rental application has two purposes. The first purpose is to find out who this prospective tenant really is and their financial history. The second purpose is to get enough information so you can find him later if he leaves town owing you rent.
The more information you get, the easier it will be to recoup any lost rent later.
Landlords Fail to Check the Information on the Application
When it comes to running a business where it comes down to trust, you can’t take people’s word for truth. Fortunately there are ways to verify what a potential tenant says is the truth. Make it a policy to do these things and follow through, even if you are renting to a friend or family member. Being lazy or thinking you are being kind could cost you thousands of dollars.
Credit checking. First things first, it is illegal to do a credit check on a tenant without their written permission. As part of your application you should have an area where they give you this permission. Typically the credit report will help you establish a person’s financial responsibility. You’ll be looking for…
- On time payments
- Rental Payment History (Landlords can report this to a credit bureau)
- Debt
- Open accounts and Closed accounts (Landlords look to see that the potential tenant has more accounts paid on-time than accounts that were not)
- Bankruptcies
- Foreclosures
Visit potential tenant at current address. The best way to determine what kind of applicant you will potentially rent to is to visit their current residence. Do this without warning because you want to see how the tenant lives. Are they clean? Is the apartment damaged?
Call applicant’s employer. This is to check to see if they still currently work for the company and to verify that they have worked there for as long as they told you. Also do a little checking to make sure the phone number they gave you is for the employer, not a friend’s number.
Talk to Current Landlord. First off, don’t fully trust what their current landlord has to say. He may want them out badly and tell you they are model renters. If the tenant has actually been great he may say the are terrible because he wants to keep them a little longer. The purpose of this call is to just hear what they have to say, you may pick up some helpful information…you never know.
Landlords Don’t Check Tenant Income
The typical rule of thumb is that rent should be a no more then 30 percent of a potential tenant’s monthly income. That’s a great start but there is more involved then that. Using their income plus the credit report is even better way to get a complete financial picture. Even if the person meets that requirement, you need to find out a little more about them. Talk to the tenant about the affordability of the apartment.
- Is the tenant reaching a bit above their means for your apartment?
- An ex-wife collecting alimony?
- Do they need a new car soon?
- Do they have an elderly parent that requires support?
- How many dependents does the prospect have?
- Does the spouse work?
- Is there another source of income?
All of these answers can come from having a friendly conversation with the applicant. You’d be surprised at what people will share with you if you just talk to them.
Start Up Capital
Most landlords fail before they even take on their first renter. The costs it takes to just get your new apartment up to code can be in the 10’s of thousands of dollars. This is because many states have strict requirements for rental properties that will need to be met before you start renting.
Your state’s landlord and tenant laws require that you add safety features to the property before you advertise for tenants. some of the requirements are…
- Handrails installed along the front and back entrance
- Front and back doors replaced with secured, reinforced steel doorways
- Peep hole installed in front door
- Deadbolt entry installed on front and back doors
- Standard dividing wall replaced with a fire wall
- Completed code inspection
If you were not expecting these costs they could dry up all your reserves. You never want to be in a spot where your rental is dependent on the next month’s rent check and nothing can do that quicker then under estimating your start-up costs.
Making Repairs
Simply put landlord and tenant laws require that you make all repairs in a timely manner. If you don’t, you could be held liable for additional damages. If your tenant calls at 2:o0 am to tell you the water heater broke and is flooding the house, you have to immediately get a repairmen on site to shut off the water and dry out the carpet.
What do you do when you pull off the sheet rock to fix a small water leak and discover you have black mold? It is impossible to prepare for every expense related to owning rental property, so there are bound to be some unexpected ones. Things such as boilers, plumbing and fixtures often need to be replaced and are not prohibitively expensive. However, faulty wiring, cracks in the foundation, leaky roof and the like can be very expensive to repair. If you can’t find a way to pay for repairs, you will be left without a tenant and with the little hope of selling the property at fair market value. Also, as building codes evolve over time, lead paint, asbestos, cedar roofing tiles and other materials that passed inspection in the past may be reevaluated to your disadvantage.
If a tenant is injured on a property that you own, there is a good chance you’ll be sued. Sure, you have homeowners insurance, but you always have the duty to keep your property properly maintained and in good working order so as to avoid contributing to potential mishaps. By keeping your units safe, no matter what it takes, you greatly decrease your chance of trouble in this area.
- Know the building and safety codes in your area
- Attending to regular maintenance
- Check on your properties periodically
Collecting Rent
In the ideal scenario your tenants will pay you on time…every time. However that is not always the case and you will have to deal with collecting your rent money. Some people just don’t have it in them to act like a collection agency. If you want to be a successful landlord you must be able to knock on the door and ask for the rent check. You can’t be afraid.
Not only that but when the time comes you have to be able to make the decision to start the eviction process. This is a business and if you are losing money you have to be able to kick them out regardless of their situation.
Dealing with Problem Tenants
If you’re going to be a landlord, you’re going to have to handle tenants fighting with other tenants, tenants doing damage to your investment, and tenants who don’t pay. You’ll need to know the eviction laws in your state well, and be prepared to use them.
Unfortunately, almost every landlord has a story that involves police cars escorting his or her tenant out of the property – erasing all hopes of getting the five months’ worth of overdue rent. Bad tenants can also increase your unexpected expenses and even hit you with a lawsuit.
Your ability to handle these situations in a timely manner can be a key to your success.
Surviving Evictions
Your state’s landlord and tenant laws make evictions seem pretty simple. To start one, you go to the local court, file a notice, schedule a court date, and show up on that date. The judge then tells the tenant to leave. The tenant heads straight back to your property, quickly packs up, and walks out the door. No harm, no foul, right?
evictions are often extremely costly and time consuming.
Here’s an example scenario of how an eviction can work out:
- Your tenant doesn’t pay his rent.
- The five day waiting period passes and still no rent. So you give them 5 more days.
- Still no check after 10 days so you go to the court and schedule your hearing. Unfortunately the next open court date is 30 days from now.
- You win your case and the tenants must leave. The first day the sheriff can come out is in 5 days.
- Now if the tenants left behind anything you must rent a storage locker and place all their items there.
So you are out roughly 2 months of rent plus the costs of the court fees, sheriff fee and the storage fee.
Financial Planning
Having cash saved up for all the unexpected repairs, vacancies and anything else that might come up is ideal. While it’s impossible to know exactly how much money you will need from month to month, it is crucial that you have a cash reserve setup for each property that you own. If you have no experience with rentals, then ask other successful landlords how much they set aside for repairs and vacancies. Then over time you can adjust for your needs.
There is no worse position to be in then having to compromise on your applicant standards because you MUST fill one of your vacancies. Or even worse that you can not make a repair that leads to an injury and thus being sued.